A cross sectional study on effects of tobacco and alcohol consumption on various health parameters among rural areas of Coimbatore, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7439/ijbr.v7i4.3159Keywords:
nongestational, primary, ovarian choriocarcinomaAbstract
Background: Tobacco consumption as pan, Bidi and cigarettes is an omnipresent problem. A recent increase in alcohol use is being observed in India. These may invariably lead to various health problems. Aim : To assess the association between tobacco and alcohol consumption on various diseases and risk factors for diseases caused by them. Methodology: 485 patients attending Karpagam Faculty of medical sciences and research hospital OPD for various illnesses were taken for study. After explaining about the study and its benefits, a detailed history of age, dietary patterns, cooking oil type, History of tobacco and drinking , past illnesses, drug history were taken. Their vitals were measured and Blood was taken in the laboratory to estimate serum Alanine amino transferase, Aspartate amino transferase and Alkaline phosphatase. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 16. one way Anova was done to differences between disease and risk factors presence tobacco users and non tobacco users; differences between disease and risk factors presence between alcohol consumers and non alcohol consumers. Conclusion: Our study indicates that tobacco users have significantly increased Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and ALT irrespective of type of tobacco used. Also alcohol consumption is related with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as ALT. Keywords : Tobacco, smokeless tobacco, smoking, alcohol, blood pressure, liver enzymesDownloads
References
Global Adult Tobacco survey (GATS), Fact sheet 2009-2010, Government of India. http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/en_tfi_india_gats_fact_sheet.pdf
Niblock WJ. Cancer in India. Indian Med Gaz, 1902; 37: 161-5
Sanghvi LD & Notani PN (eds.) (1989). Tobacco and Health: The Indian Scene. International Union Against Cancer & Tata Memorial Centre, 1989
Shafey O, Eriksen M, Ross H, Mackay J. The tobacco atlas, 3rd ed.: Atlanta, Georgia, USA: American Cancer Society; 2009.
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. IARC; 2002. Tobacco Smoke and Involuntary Smoking; p. 83. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
Anonymous. Available: http://www.whoindia.org/linkfiles/assessment_of_burden_of_ncd_07-cancer.pdf, accessed on
Ray R. National survey on extent, pattern and trends of drug abuse in India. New Delhi: Government of India and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; 2004. Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment.
Benegal V, Gururaj G, Murthy P. Project report on a WHO multicentre collaborative project on establishing and monitoring alcohol's involvement in casualties, 2000
Westman E Does smokeless tobacco cause hypertension? South Med J. 1995;88716- 720
PubMed
Eliasson MLundblad DHagg E Cardiovascular risk factors in young snuff-users and cigarette smokers. J Intern Med. 1991;23017- 22 PubMed
Facchini FS, Chen Y-DI, Reaven GM: Light-to-moderate alcohol intake is associated with enhanced insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care 17:115
Mayer EJ, Quesenberry CP Jr, Friedman GD, Selby JV: Alcohol consumption and insulin concentrations: role for insulin in associations of alcohol intake with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. Circulation 88:2190
Andersen BN, Hagen C, Faber OK, Lindholm J, Boisen P, Worning H: Glucose tolerance and B cell function in chronic alcoholism: its relation to hepatic histology and exocrine pancreatic function. Metabolism 32:1029
Laws A, Terry RB, Barrett-Connor E: Behavioral covariates of waist-to-hip ratio in Rancho Bernardo. Am J Public Health 80:1358
Bj
Luther T. Clark: Alcohol-Induced Hypertension: Mechanisms, Complications, and Clinical Implications. J Natl Med Assoc. 1985 May; 77(5): 385
Sharpe PC: Biochemical detection and monitoring of alcohol abuse and abstinence. Ann Clin Biochem. 2001, 38: 652-664. 10.1258/0004563011901064.View Article PubMed
Mariann R. Piano, Neal L. Benowitz, Garret A. FitzGerald et al. Impact of Smokeless Tobacco Products on Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Policy, Prevention, and Treatment. A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association, Circulation.2010; 122: 1520-1544
Yuen ST, Gogo AR Jr, Luk IS, Cho CH, Ho JC, Loh TT. The effect of nicotine and its interaction with carbon tetrachloride in the rat liver. Pharmacol Toxicol 1995; 77: 225-230
Husain K, Scott BR, Reddy SK, Somani SM. Chronic ethanol and nicotine interaction on rat tissue antioxidant defense system. Alcohol 2001; 25: 89-97
Watanabe K, Eto K, Furuno K, Mori T, Kawasaki H, Gomita Y. Effect of cigarette smoke on lipid peroxidation and liver function tests in rats. Acta Med Okayama 1995; 49: 271-274
Moszczynski P, Zabinski Z, Moszczynski P Jr, Rutowski J, Slowinski S, Tabarowski Z. Immunological findings in cigarette smokers. Toxicol Lett 2001; 118: 121-127
Baraona E, Lieber CS. Effects of ethanol on lipid metabolism. J Lipid Res. 1979;20:289
Kazim Husain, Rais A Ansari, and Leon Ferder, Alcohol-induced hypertension: Mechanism and prevention, World J Cardiol. 2014 May 26; 6(5): 245
13. Fagard RH. Smoking amplifies cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension and diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(Suppl 2):S429
Zanchetti A, Hansson L, Dahl
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2159
Soardo G, Donnini D, Varutti R et al. Effects of alcohol withdrawal on blood pressure in hypertensive heavy drinkers. J Hypertens. 2006 Aug;24(8):1493-8.
Hultcrantz R, Glaumann H, Lindberg G, Nilsson LH. Liver investigation in 149 asymptomatic patients with moderately elevated activities of serum aminotransferases. Scand J Gastroenterol 1986; 21:109
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- An author must submit Copyright form After acceptance of the article.